![]() ![]() On 25 July 1939, in Warsaw, the Poles initiated French and British military intelligence representatives into their Enigma-decryption techniques and equipment, including Zygalski sheets and the cryptologic bomb, and promised each delegation a Polish-reconstructed Enigma. This work was an essential foundation to further work on decrypting ciphers from repeatedly modernized Enigma machines, first in Poland and after the outbreak of war in France and the UK. Subsequently the three mathematicians designed mechanical devices for breaking Enigma ciphers, including the cryptologic bomb. Rejewski " reverse-engineered" the device, using theoretical mathematics and material supplied by French military intelligence. This success was a result of efforts by three Polish cryptologists, Marian Rejewski, Jerzy Różycki and Henryk Zygalski, working for Polish military intelligence. German military texts enciphered on the Enigma machine were first broken by the Polish Cipher Bureau, beginning in December 1932. Several different Enigma models were produced, but the German military models are the most commonly discussed. Early models were used commercially from the early 1920s, and adopted by military and government services of several countries - most notably by Nazi Germany before and during World War II. Enigma was invented by the German engineer Arthur Scherbius at the end of World War I. An Enigma machine was any of a family of related electro-mechanical rotor cipher machines used in the twentieth century for enciphering and deciphering secret messages.
0 Comments
![]() But on the songs where they did break it - at least on the ones that hit #1 - I don’t think they ever sounded quite this great. It’s the sound of a band starting to bend pop music, not quite ready to break it yet. It’s a toe-dip, a dabble, in the waters of the infinite. (“Ticket To Ride” did, after all, appear on the same album where the Beatles covered Buck Owens.) “Ticket To Ride” was the first Beatles single that broke the three-minute mark - but it only broke it by 10 seconds. It sounds like the acid-rock wig-outs that would show up atop the charts soon enough, but it also sounds like a honky-tonk throwdown. As the song ends, the band lurches suddenly into a double-time rave-up - as if to prove that they can still supercharge your soul, or to mentally force themselves out of the song’s depression-fog. Lennon is contemplating an uncertain future, and the sounds that he’s bringing are adult, as well.īut they’re not too adult. There’s a line - “she said that living with me was bringing her down” - that suggests cohabitation. ![]() Lennon is not singing about teenage heartbreak. And it sounds grown-up and mature, in ways that no previous Beatles song had done. Ticket to Ride by Sweet was written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney and was first released by The Beatles in 1965. Throughout the song, Lennon tries to reconcile the idea that the girl is leaving, that there’s nothing he can do. ![]() But by the time McCartney joins in on harmony, he’s wailing at the heavens. Lennon opens it up by wailing, “I think I’m gonna be sad / I think it’s todaaaaaay.” At the beginning of that line, he’s calm, sober, almost matter-of-fact. With Wynk Music, you will not only enjoy your favourite MP3 songs online, but you will also have access to our hottest playlists such as English Songs, Hindi Songs, Malayalam Songs. “Ticket To Ride” is a song about heartbreak. Wynk Music brings to you Ticket to ride MP3 song from the movie/album Childhood Memories. “Ticket To Ride” resonated the way it did because the band figured out how to plug these impulses into one hell of a pop song. But the Beatles didn’t hit #1 just by indulging their most experimental impulses. These things should’ve made brains explode when the Beatles suddenly brought them to the radio. There’s Ringo Starr’s awkwardly perfect stop-start drumming, which sends electric shocks pulsing all through the song. There’s the low-end drone of the bass, which foreshadowed the Beatles’ interest in Indian ragas. There’s George Harrison’s glistening Rickenbacher riff - a starry-eyed jangle that helped make the world safe for the Byrds and for the psychedelic folk-rock hordes that would follow. There are sounds on “Ticket To Ride” that had never made it anywhere near the top of the charts before. But what makes “Ticket To Ride” sing is its lightness - the way it’s always dancing away from you. 'Ticket to Ride' is a song by the English rock band the Beatles, written primarily by John Lennon and credited to LennonMcCartney. I think I'm gonna be sad I think it's today, yeah The girl that's driving me mad Is going away She's got a ticket to ride She's got a ticket to ride She's got a ticket to ride And she don't care She said that living with me Was bringing her down yeah For she would never be free When I was around She's got a ticket to ride She's got a ticket to. That music was heavy because it dragged you down into its sodden, wrathful headspace. The real early heavy metal bands - including Vanilla Fudge, who released their cover of “Ticket To Ride” two years after the Beatles’ original came out - turned blues progressions into something leaden and overwhelming. Songs similar to:Ticket to Ride by The Beatles50 songs, 2 h 44 minutes of similar songs, enjoy Light My Fire. And Lennon once called “Ticket To Ride” “one of the earliest heavy metal records made.” He was wrong, and he was wrong for interesting reasons. Full Video Drum Lesson & Drum Sheet Music Notation. Note: When you embed the widget in your site, it will match your site's styles (CSS).John Lennon wrote most of “Ticket To Ride,” though Paul McCartney has taken credit for a decent chunk of it. Learn how to play the full song Ticket To Ride by The Beatles, featuring the drumming of Ringo Starr. Get the embed code The Beatles - Ed Sullivan Album Lyrics1.Act Naturally2.I'm Down3.Ticket to Ride4.YesterdayThe Beatles Lyrics provided by The Beatles - Ticket to Ride Lyrics Artist: The Beatles Album: Ed Sullivan Heyo SONGLYRICS just got interactive. What better way to spend time with the very unattainable object of your desires than by spending a quiet day indoors coloring. ![]() From scenes of the actor sipping tea on a porch, meditating, walking his dogs to him receiving kisses from his puppers, soaking in a bubble bath and even mowing the lawn, this is your house husband dream come true. Illustrator Maurizio Campidelli was inspired to illustrate an adult coloring book based on the Aquaman star.Ĭrush and Color: Jason Momoa: A Coloring Book of Fantasies with an Epic Dreamboat features 35 pages full of unique, life-like illustrations of the sexy beast. There's an adult coloring book inspired by Jason Momoa. Qwhite interesting, if you ask me.īut that's a discussion best saved for another day.įor those of you who are crazy about Jason Momoa, stop what you're doing! Here's something you never thought you wanted, but now definitely need in your life. Why he hasn't been crowned PEOPLE's Sexiest Man Alive yet is beyond me when someone like the likes of Blake Shelton has carried the title in the past. Photos - so that you can save your artwork.Jason Momoa - the subject of everyone including their mothers' sweet, sweet fantasies. The cancellation will take effect the day after the last day of the current subscription period, and you will be downgraded to the free service.įor complete access to all Color Me features, you will need to allow access to the following: This must be done 24 hours before the end of a free trial or subscription period to avoid being charged. * You can cancel a free trial or subscription anytime by cancelling your subscription through your iTunes account settings. * Please note: any unused portion of a free trial period (if offered) will be forfeited when you purchase a premium subscription during the free trial period. Subscription payments will be charged to your iTunes account at confirmation of your purchase and upon commencement of each renewal term. You can cancel your subscription in the iTunes settings at least 24-hours before the end of the free trial period. * Subscription with a free trial period will automatically renew to a paid subscription. Weekly (with a 3-day free trial) for $2.99 ![]() Make your coloring experience more relaxing with the premium version – with no ads or watermarks, you'll have the most enjoyable coloring experience. Don't limit your creativity, choose any image you like to color. Upgrade to premium to get unlimited access to a huge collection of stunning coloring pages for adults, more color palettes and more amazing features for the whole period of your plan. Add beautiful textures to your artwork and share them with your friends. Go simple or go pro: You can choose to color in a simple way using the tap-to-color tool, or you can go pro and get the real coloring experience with the brush tool. ![]() Color palettes by famous painters: We have a dedicated section for color palettes inspired by famous artists like Van Gough. 60+ hand picked color palettes with 9 colors each, covering a wide range of colors from soft muted to lively dynamic colors. Regular updates: We regularly add new coloring pages, so you always have something new to color. Famous paintings recreated for you to enjoy coloring. More than 16 categories of coloring pages, to make it easier for you to explore the ones that best suit your taste (Animals, People, Mandalas, Fantasy, Flowers, Patterns and more). We always make sure to pick the most beautiful pages drawn by top artist, and bring them to you. You can enjoy a large collection of coloring pages for adults. Try unlimited access to all coloring pages and color palettes for Free! Preview your listing to make sure everything looks how you want it to, then go ahead and hit publish.You can paste the icon multiple times in a row, at the beginning and end, or wherever you think the Craigslist symbol would look best. Place your cursor where you’d like the icon to go, and paste using a right-click or keyboard command (Control – v for Windows, Command – v for Mac). Open your Craigslist ad and find the “title” text box.Highlight the icon or code, and either right-click or use a keyboard command (Control – c for Windows, Command – c for Mac) to copy the icon to your computer’s clipboard.You can do this with a quick Google search, and we’ve provided additional resources below. Find the ASCII-made icon or icon code you want to use.Jazzing up your listing title with Craigslist icons takes just a few minutes. How to Add Craigslist Symbols in 4 Easy Steps Some common examples of ASCII symbols are hearts, stars, smiley faces, music notes, or any other Craigslist emojis.īelow are step-by-step instructions for how to add a Craigslist symbol to a new or existing listing. ASCII can be used to represent symbols, as well as letters and numbers when communicating online. However, in order to make your headline really stand out from the competition, you’ll want to make use of ASCII symbols.ĪSCII stands for American Standard Code for Information Interchange and is a universal character code used to communicate between computers. You can, of course, use basic text symbols within your headline such as dollar signs ($) and asterisks (*). How to Make Your Listing More Exciting with Craigslist SymbolsĪdding Craigslist symbols to your listing is actually pretty easy once you get the hang of it. Take a look at our guide first for a more in-depth look at how exactly to create your account and listing if you’re new to Craigslist. This is where Craigslist icons and Craigslist emojis come into play. ![]() However, because the aesthetic of Craigslist remains bland and text-heavy, with only basic text and a handful of HTML tags allowed, it can be difficult for posters to make their listings stand out from the rest. Listings are clear and upfront, without the fluff you’ll find on other job or apartment search sites. People come to Craigslist to search because they appreciate its simple interface and authentic feel. The thing that users love the most about Craigslist is also what makes it the most challenging for landlords. From there you can put and remove This PC, User’s Files, Network, Recycle Bin, and Control Panel icons.The Challenge of Posting with Craigslist HTML Click it, and you’ll be presented with a Themes window with a link to Desktop icon settings. If you type “Desktop Icon” in the Search field, a “Themes and related settings” option will appear in the results. Do you want the shortcut to be placed on the desktop instead?” Press the “Yes” button.Īnother feature worth mentioning regarding Desktop shortcuts is Desktop Icon Settings, which is an old Windows feature. A dialog box will appear saying “Windows can’t create shortcut here. As for shortcuts to local disk / partitions (Local Disk C:, for instance), go to “This PC” in File Explorer, right-click on the desired local disk and click “Create shortcut” option on the Menu. ![]() Do a right-click on a desired item and on the menu click “Send to” > “Desktop (create shortcut)”. Navigate to a folder or file using File Explorer (yellow folder icon on the Taskbar). report.docx, ebook.pdf…) do the following. To put a shortcut to a specific folder (Documents, Downloads, Pictures, etc) or file (i.e. Make Desktop Shortcut to Folder, File, or Local Disk / Hard Drive Partition Exceptions are the “Power” and “All apps” buttons, as well as folders. It works for almost all items displayed on the Start Menu, including programs and features you can find on the main list (left part of the Start Menu) and tiles (right part of the Menu). Now you just need to open the Start Menu (click on the Start button in the lower left corner), find the item you want to create a shortcut to and simply drag it and drop on the Desktop. ![]() UPDATE: Microsoft has made creation of Desktop shortcuts to both traditional and modern-style “universal” apps in newer builds of Windows 10 much easier than described in the old version of this post. Uninstall SPTD using this tool and reboot: sptdremov. Nach dem Upgrade habe ich bei beiden Rechner Daemon Tools nach folgender Anleitung deinstalliert und anschließend wieder neu installiert. Wenn man nun auf das Laufwerk zugreifen möchte kommt die Meldung "Auf den Datenträger kann nicht zugegriffen werden".ĭen Fehler habe ich auf beiden meiner PCs, allerdings habe ich auch bei beiden PCs versäumt vor dem Windows Upgrade Daemon Tools zu deinstallieren. Der Name der Disk wird nicht angezeigt und das dazugehörige Disk Icon fehlt. Wenn ich ein Image mit dem IDE Laufwerk mounte kann ich nicht auf das Laufwerk zugreifen. Those who work with older Windows versions we’ll be able to install and use SPTD driver as usual. As you can see, the acquisition of paid personal and business licenses will remain for those who need them.Ich habe folgendes Problem mit Daemon Tools Pro Advanced 6. Unfortunately, these things won’t be available for Windows 10 version 1903 users in DAEMON Tools apps. The commercial license of this software adds other benefits, such as the same lifetime updates without limitations on the number of computers and technical support available around the clock for those who have contracted it. Interestingly, the PC genre also includes the now obsolete, Amstrads. On the other hand, if we pay for it, we will receive lifetime updates for up to three computers. And of course, nowadays, perfectly capable of running Windows (Not PC), if you so desire. First, the paid version of this program eliminates the advertisements that appear when we install and update it. If we add that the program runs fast and has not caused us any lags, forced shutdowns, or screen freezes, not even during the process of burning an image, then we believe that it is an excellent alternative to this type of software.Īnd what does the paid version of DAEMON Tools offer me? Beyond the mentioned features, it provides some details that, although they will not change our experience of use, may be worth it -and the money- for some users. Note: The following instructions do not apply to Wear devices running Android 10 (API level 29) or lower. After all, we will not need these units but also to avoid the hassle of having to look for a CD around the house or go out to buy one while we want to burn an image. Connect to a device over Wi-Fi (Android 10 and lower). Secondly, and although at this point it may not be so crucial because the cost of CDs is not as high as some time ago, having a tool like this will indeed allow us not only to save money. Despite the difficulties in recording an ISO image or any of these formats under normal conditions, this program does not add any complications since it is very intuitive. In summary, What is the best thing about DAEMON Tools? First of all, it is a straightforward program, especially considering that it performs a type of task that computer novices may not know how to carry out. As you can see, this software not only takes care of its specific task but continues to serve and be useful even when we have finished creating the virtual images and want to have them well organized. Other features of this application have to do with being able to mount VHD and TrueCrypt files, organize all the images we have created, protect these with a password these images, etc. It receives logs and displays and forwards syslog messages from. And if you have any inconvenience when mounting the image automatically, as we have shown, you can always do it manually and skip those errors. Kiwi Syslog Daemon is a freeware syslog daemon for Windows. ![]() This software will then start to generate the virtual image, and when it is finished, it will give you access, with the possibility to perform all kinds of tasks on the content, the same way as if you had placed a CD in your drive. If you double-click or right-click Open on any of them, you will notice that they will run with DAEMON Tools instead of the program you previously had for these tasks. Once the software runs, you will see that all the image files, such as the ones mentioned above, will be automatically associated with this new program, which means that it has been successfully recognized. However, you will first have to select which components you want to install and which ones you prefer not to store on your PC. ![]() ![]() We always recommend selecting the free license, which is for personal use, and from then on, the procedure only takes a few seconds. ![]() Once you have the program on your computer, and before you start using it, it will ask you if you will use it for personal or commercial use. Let's start with installing DAEMON Tools, which offers no significant complications and takes just a few minutes. You can now use the application as usual once the installation is complete.You will see an installation popup asking for permission before you can proceed with the installation processes. After you’ve performed the previous step, go to your browser’s “Download” tab and tap the file after it’s downloaded.Check for unknown sources in Menu> Settings> Security> to allow your phone to install apps from sources other than the Google Play Store. The steps to accomplish this are mostly the same as those listed below.You must first ensure that third-party apps are permitted on your device before you can install it. When the download is finished, go to your browser’s “Downloads” area and look for the APK. In the Settings, choose the option My Fire TV 6. Get back to the home screen of FireStick after installing the Downloader app In the menu bar, click Settings 5. By clicking the button below, you can begin the download of Troypoint Rapid App Apk 2022. Click the Downloader option when it is displayed in the search results Choose the Downloader icon on the following screen and download and install the app 4.How To Download Troypoint Rapid App Apk 2022 Support all download formats, MP3, M4A, MP4. The fastest speed: download the video as fast as the downloader. Features: A fully functional download manager that can pause, resume and delete downloads. ![]() This application will meet your expectations. With our Troypoint downloader, downloading videos of your choice from different video sharing websites couldn’t be any better or easier.This application is more responsive than others.You will not be harmed by this application.This app is, without a doubt, completely free.The Google App Store may be activated if your device has country limits or restrictions. Other tools for Samsung, Xiaomi, Huawei, Oppo, Vivo, Motorola, LG, Google, OnePlus, Sony, tablets, and other devices are available, making it simple to choose the proper game or programme. You can also download it without having to register or log in. Download the app directly from Google Play or use one of the hosted versions. This is the most recent version that has been optimised. AFTVviews, on the other hand, purchased the app and now owns it. In 2019, Troypoint acquired the Downloader app from AFTV News, along with a number of other supporting apps. Because AFTVview was the first to create the downloading software, it was a huge success. The Amazon Fire TV Stick 4K, NVIDIA Shield, and any device running the Android TV operating system fall under this category. The Downloader app is compatible with practically any streaming device. ![]() We are on Facebook, Twitter, Pinterest, and Flipboard. Also, follow us on the social media platforms for the latest updates for Windows software. For more such reviews on Windows software, keep visiting Top10PCSoftware. Also, if you liked this, we recommend you to check out – Advanced Disk Recovery for all kinds of data recovery. We look forward to your comments to know more about your opinion on this blog post. If you are using any other app to recover images on Windows PC, do let us know about it in the comments section below! As it is easy-to-use, budget-friendly works at a blazing speed, and ensures you have your snaps back without putting in much effort. Our recommendation says Photos Recovery by Systweak is the best to recover deleted photos on Windows 10. You can rely on any of the aforementioned best photo recovery apps to effortlessly get back all your favorite images and other important data in no time. Tap the 3 dots on the top-right corner of the screen to bring up a menu. Launch the Google Photos app and open the photo you want to download. Download Google Photos from the App Store. Our list of Best Paid & Free Picture Recovery Apps encloses all the tried and tested products. To download photos From Google Photos directly on your iPhone: Step 1. If you’re using Windows XP and the photo recovery tool isn’t compatible with it, then it is not useful for youĬonclusion: Which Is The Best App To Restore Deleted Photographs? OS Compatibility: Last but not the least, you should check for compatibility between your device & software.It is an important factor to consider so that no damage is caused to actual storage media. Security: Make sure you choose a utility that performs read-only operations.Choose the one that supports recovery in both internal & external storage mediums. Supported storage: If the tool doesn’t support scanning a specific storage media, where all your snaps are stored, then it is probably of no use.Recovery capability: A good photo restoration tool supports a wide array of file formats, including JPEG, PNG, TIFF, TGA, RAW, and more.If you are unable to navigate through the dashboard or need a lot of assistance while understanding the product, then it’s not a suitable choice for you. Ease-of-use: User-friendliness is a crucial aspect when using any software.Here’s a list of factors you should consider while choosing the best picture recovery software: What To Consider While Choosing Photo Recovery Software? ![]() (There’s a theory that “ninja” caught on in the West because it’s easier to say in English.) Back then, they were usually known as “shinobi,” a word considered interchangeable with the word “ninja,” based on how their characters are written. The fighting led to a demand for skilled experts who could carry out assassinations and undercover operations, but likely within a normal military chain of command, according to Stephen Turnbull, a visiting professor of Japanese studies at Akita International University in Japan and author of the forthcoming book The Ninja Myth. Most references to the first real ninjas date back to the 16th-century Japan, a time of civil war between warlords. Get your history fix in one place: sign up for the weekly TIME History newsletter Historians argue that the Hollywood fantasy is based on folk tales and legends passed down through the years, which are in fact based on a real tradition in medieval Japan. “The image of the ninja is a man in black whose aim in life is to break, enter, steal and kill, for which one also has to be a martial arts expert… Teachers claim to have inherited authority and skills through generations. “That image dominates everything everyone ‘knows’ about ninjas,” he says, and most of it is myth. John Man, author of Ninja: 1,000 Years of the Shadow Warrior, argues that the TMNT gang is also influenced by the ninja concept parodied by Burt Kwouk in the Pink Panther films. That Hollywood version of the ninja took off after the 1967 James Bond film You Only Live Twice in fact, dictionaries often trace the first popular use of the word ninja in the West to the book version by Bond creator Ian Fleming. Most directly, the Turtles were influenced by the visions of ninjas in Frank Miller comics, like Daredevil and Ronin, and by the movies that, starting in the 1960s, popularized the figures of the specially trained martial artist. Though the comics were an instant hit, Turtlemania did not reach the big time until New York licensing agent Mark Freedman offered to market the heroes…Freedman cut the deal with Playmates Toys, who, in turn, sponsored the first TV episodes.īut that doesn’t mean the Ninja Turtles aren’t part of real history-both a decades-long American pop-cultural history and a centuries-long military history. Eastman quickly christened them the Ninja Turtles, but then, in an absurdist wink at two of the most popular themes in comic books at the time, Laird lengthened the name to Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles… By the end of the evening the artists had created four tortoises. The idea of a slowpokey turtle as a swift and wily ninja cracked them up. Eastman drew a humanized turtle wearing a ninja mask and carrying a katana blade. One night in 1983 - and neither can remember why - inspiration struck. ![]() You have successfully installed the OneDrive App for Mac. Select whether you want all files and folders to be synced, or to selective choose a few. Choose the folder desired and select Choose this location.ġ2. Click Choose OneDrive Folder Location to choose the folder desired to sync your documents.ġ0. NOT with your LSU email account Do NOT use your LSU email.ĩ. Note: Make sure you sign in with your own personal Microsoft account (ex.Enter your email address and select Sign In. Wait until the installation finishes, and click Open once the installation finishes.ħ. If you haven't signed in with your Apple ID, enter your Apple ID and Password.Ħ. Click on Install App to proceed with the installation process.ĥ. ![]() The get icon will immediately convert to a green button labeled Install App. First, you need to download OneDrive from the Mac App Store. Locate the OneDrive app from the search list and click on it.Ĥ. Using OneDrive on Mac, you get to enjoy the same integration level as Windows users with the cloud storage. Once the App Store opens, find the top right corner of the page for the Search Bar and type OneDrive. Press Enter.ģ. Usually commercial software or games are produced for sale or to serve a commercial purpose.Installing OneDrive for Business on a Mac OS X Operating System:Ģ. Uso compartido de archivos Comparte documentos, fotos, vídeos y álbumes con amigos y familiares. Ahorra espacio local en tu Mac con Archivos a petición. Accede a los archivos sin conexión en el smartphone, Mac o tableta. Even though, most trial software products are only time-limited some also have feature limitations. Accede a tus archivos con Finder en Mac OS, OneDrive en línea o en la aplicación móvil. After that trial period (usually 15 to 90 days) the user can decide whether to buy the software or not. Trial software allows the user to evaluate the software for a limited amount of time. Demos are usually not time-limited (like Trial software) but the functionality is limited. In some cases, all the functionality is disabled until the license is purchased. Demoĭemo programs have a limited functionality for free, but charge for an advanced set of features or for the removal of advertisements from the program's interfaces. In some cases, ads may be show to the users. Basically, a product is offered Free to Play (Freemium) and the user can decide if he wants to pay the money (Premium) for additional features, services, virtual or physical goods that expand the functionality of the game. This license is commonly used for video games and it allows users to download and play the game for free. There are many different open source licenses but they all must comply with the Open Source Definition - in brief: the software can be freely used, modified and shared. Programs released under this license can be used at no cost for both personal and commercial purposes. Open Source software is software with source code that anyone can inspect, modify or enhance. Freeware products can be used free of charge for both personal and professional (commercial use). Sign up and get 15 GB of storage, free.Īlso Available: Download OneDrive for Macįreeware programs can be downloaded used free of charge and without any time limitations. Store and share your favorite photos, videos, documents, files, and more on One Drive. Send an email with a link to only what you share and everything else in your OneDrive stays private. Share files or entire folders, like photo albums, without attaching anything. Save your docs to the app and access them on any device. ![]() ![]() It works with Office, so it's easy to create, edit, and share your documents. Refer up to 10 friends for a maximum of 5 GB. Refer a friend to the tool and both of you will receive +500 MB. It's easy to view them anytime, on any device. Earn an extra 3 GB of storage when you activate camera roll backup to save photos automatically. Keep your favorite photos and videos safe, even if something happens to your device. With the app you can easily get to, manage, and share files anywhere you are.Įasily store and share photos, videos, documents, and more - anywhere, on any device, free. When you upload photos or videos from your mobile device or computer to OneDrive, you can get to them when you’re on your PC, Mac, tablet, or phone. Easily store and share photos, videos, documents, and more. OneDrive (formerly SkyDrive) is the one place for everything in your life. ![]() Revise your Plans Preparation Manual to require that the qualified independent peer review for category 2 bridge structures include checking and verifying the design calculations used for all nodal forces.To the Florida Department of Transportation: Assist the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials with developing a requirement that concrete bridge structures be designed with reasonable estimates for interface shear demand, the cohesion and friction contributions to interface shear capacity, and the clamping force across the interface shear surface.It only analysed the design for the completed structure and not for its various construction phases. Post-collapse, Louis Berger confirmed to NTSB investigators that it analysed the design as one structure in its completed state. Louis Berger performed the independent peer review of Figg’s design using Adina, a finite element analysis software program, in accordance with FDOT standards. Investigators also found that Louis Berger failed to meet FDOT requirements for a peer reviewer to employ at least three registered professional engineers, each with a minimum of five years’ experience in designing complex concrete bridges. In a post-collapse interview, the Louis Berger engineer who conducted the peer review told the NTSB that the agreed budget did not stretch to this level of analysis. The NTSB has also been unequivocal in stating that Louis Berger, as design checker, should have noticed this error. ![]() Post-collapse calculations showed that the load demand on the node was twice that designed. The NTSB has been unequivocal in stating that Figg’s load and capacity calculation errors at this key node probably led to the failure. Investigators have overwhelmingly concluded that the trigger for the collapse was punching shear failure at the node where the end vertical and diagonal truss members met. This triggered the significant cracking which should have given warning that collapse was imminent. This induced unexpected stresses and strains in the structure which were exacerbated when the end diagonal truss member was de-stressed after it was positioned. In the casting yard there was full contact support across the deck and its two ends, yet while resting on the pier the shims were placed either side of the central truss – meaning there was no direct support under the truss location. The FIU bridge in Miami-Dade County was being constructed by Magnum Construction Management (MCM) under a design and build contract when it collapsed.Ī National Transportation Safety Board report into the collapse concluded that design calculation errors made by MCM’s consultant Figg Bridge Engineers were ultimately to blame. But failures by the independent design checker, client, contractor and on-site construction supervisor also contributed to the disaster. The cables were to support a 862t deck post tensioned prestressed concrete deck structure with a bottom flange serving as the walkway and a top flange providing cover from bad weather.Īt time of collapse, the 53m long deck structure had been installed over the main highway, but the back span, spanning over a river, the pylon and the cables were yet to be installed. The bridge was to be cable stayed with one central pylon. ![]() The cable stayed bridge was being built in the city of Sweetwater as a safety measure so that students did not have to cross the busy highway to get to and from its Modesto A. ![]() Three years ago today, the under construction Florida International University (FIU) pedestrian bridge collapsed onto a Florida highway, crushing cars and killing six people and injuring 10 others. |